Smartphones act as daily emotion regulation tools [34], that help people to get their needs met [35], thus helping Type D personalities to cope with stress and relieve their emotions. This over-reliance on smartphones for self-regulation may eventually lead to the development of smartphone addiction. According to the Cognitive Dissonance Theory, people make themselves have consistent cognitive attitudes and behaviors and experience discomfort when their behaviors are inconsistent with their cognitions [36, 37]. Individuals with Type D personality are often in a negative emotional state and have a more negative view of themselves, their environment, and others [38]. Type D personality types will seek out negative content to reaffirm their worldview. Smartphones serve as platforms that can reinforce these negative perceptions by providing information and social interactions that align with their existing beliefs, thereby alleviating cognitive dissonance.
- A state of mental consonance feels better to us, and means that we have somehow reconciled our conflicting beliefs, or we have reconciled our behavior and our beliefs so they are in agreement again (Cooper and Carlsmith, 2002).
- In research, a threshold of 0.7 is commonly used as the standard, with values greater than this being acceptable [88].
- Cognitive dissonance is the tension that arises when there is a conflict between a belief and a desire or behavior.
- His alcohol consumption increased and began affecting his work, and functioning.
- The participants felt like hypocrites — but their intention to take the positive action increased.
Acquire new information that outweighs the dissonant beliefs.
This situation created cognitive dissonance in most individuals––they believed that the task was boring, yet for no good reason they had to say quite the opposite. Half of the participants were given a ready excuse for telling this lie––they would be paid $20 to tell the lie. Those with a clear justification ($20) for lying experienced no dissonance and, as one would expect, later reported that the task was really rather boring.
- This model suggests that cognitive factors influence addictive behavior, and metacognition plays a role in addictive behavior [58], providing further support for metacognitive models of psychopathology [57].
- Therefore, to prevent and intervene in smartphone addiction, we can start from both affect (nomophobia) and metacognition (negative metacognitions about smartphone use).
- Zhang, Zhao, Lu, and Yang [79] research showed that information overload and service overload could lead to cognitive dissonance and negative emotions, resulting in discontinuous usage intention.
- The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people are averse to inconsistencies within their own minds.
- The effects of prenatal tobacco exposure are particularly concerning because so many expectant mothers smoke—by one estimate, over 10 percent in the United States (Hamilton et al., 2007).
- By using these types of explanations, the smoker is able to reduce the dissonance and continue the unhealthy behavior.
Early Studies of Cognitive Dissonance
This study has discriminant validity, and the lower triangle is the correlation coefficient. Neuroscience research has correlated learning with the elaboration of neural networks in the brain. Many experiments have established that, as learning takes place, selected neurons increase their levels of activity and form cognitive dissonance addiction new connections, or strengthen established connections, with networks of other neurons. Moreover, experimental techniques that prevent neuronal activity and networking inhibit learning. In one study, researchers asked participants to give speeches that would encourage the audience to take a certain positive action.
Social pressures
This is congruent with the findings of existing studies on the relationship between Type D personality and addiction [21, 82]. Our results further demonstrated that individuals with Type D personality spent significantly more time per day on their smartphones and had significantly higher levels of smartphone addiction than those with non-Type D personality. Although smartphone addiction cannot be understood merely as spending https://ecosoberhouse.com/ copious amounts of time using smartphones [83], the amount of time spent using a smartphone tends to be closely related to smartphone addiction [84]. Nevertheless, some studies indicate that the correlation between screen time and smartphone addiction may not be as robust as initially presumed [85, 86]. Consequently, it is imperative to exercise caution when inferring a direct relationship between the two variables.
- Drug-related cognitive deficits may be particularly detrimental to the well-being of individuals whose cognitive performance is already compromised by a mental disorder.
- Studies have shown that many abused substances can reshape the communication pathways between neurons (synaptic plasticity), which could contribute to both the formation and the persistence of maladaptive drug-stimulus associations.
- Successfully managing cognitive dissonance significantly increases the chances of maintaining long-term sobriety.
- Internal consistency reliability is a statistical method used to measure the consistency and reliability of tests or actual measurements in the research.
Bhattacharya et al. (2019) [46] stated that young people are more likely to have more addictive behaviors due to nomophobia. According to the fear avoidance model, people avoid contact with stimuli that they feel fearful and anxious about [47]. In a mobile phone-free scenario, many people experience unbearable anxiety and restlessness [48]. This anxiety may lead them to avoid this anxiety by constantly using their mobile phones.
Mason is detail oriented, organized, efficient oral and written communicator, and passionate about creating a positive workplace for our staff and an excellent recovery environment for our clients. There is also some ambiguity (i.e., vagueness) about the term “dissonance” itself. Is it a perception (as “cognitive” suggests), a feeling, or a feeling about a perception?
Using a two-wave study design, this study was the first to examine the relationship of Type D personality with nomophobia, metacognition of smartphone use, and smartphone addiction. The results not only confirmed the negative effects of Type D personality but also revealed the mechanism of action of Type D personality and further validated the I-PACE model from an empirical perspective. Leon Festinger first proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance, centered on how people try to reach internal consistency. He suggested that people have an inner need to ensure that their beliefs and behaviors are consistent.
How Does Cognitive Dissonance Affect Behavior?
- These factors could include the quality of content, the reliability of the platform, and the level of user engagement.
- One cannot reason with someone on drugs or use logic and data to persuade them out of their distorted reality.
- Research shows that justifications give people the impression that they made a careful decision.
- When cognitive dissonance and addiction collide, it’s like adding fuel to an already raging fire.
- CBT comprises of heterogeneous treatment components that allow the therapist to use this approach across a variety of addictive behaviours, including behavioural addictions.